% example if statement
if ( 0 )
  fprintf('I''m in the first clause.\n');
else
  fprintf('I''m in the second clause.\n');
end

% example elseif statement
a = rand();
if ( a < 0.2 )
  fprintf('a is less than 0.2\n');
elseif ( a <= 0.5 )
  fprintf('a is between 0.2 and 0.5\n');
else
  fprintf('a is greater than 0.5\n');
end

% example while loop
iter = 0;
while (1)
  iter = iter + 1;
  fprintf('This is iteration %d\n', iter);
  if ( rand() < 0.1 )
    break;
  end
end

% example for loop
for i = 1 : 3
  fprintf('This is a simple for loop. iteration = %d\n');
end

% another example for loop
xvalues = [ 1 : 10 ];
for x = xvalues,
  fprintf('This is a new iteration\n');
  x
end

% another example for loop
% the for loop iterates over columns, not rows.
xvalues = [ 1 : 10 ]';
for x = xvalues,
  fprintf('This for loop doesn''t do what I thought it would.\n');
  x
end